Social Psychology - 1703 Words

Introduction Social orientation is the recognition of human psychology and behavior. The emphasis on human thought, emotion, and behavior was to represent the thought, emotion, and behavior of members of a social group. Thomas Hobbes declared that the social groups are nothing more than a collection of individuals and that of social thought, emotion, and behavior, governed by the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain (Greenwood, 2009). Cognitive psychology represents the distinction amongst the human mind and a computer that suggest that humans have the ability to process information from around the world just as computer. Cognitive psychology is not old but the newest part of psychology where the information we receive through our†¦show more content†¦Hall’s studies of child development of children, adolescents, and of old age designed a roadway for some of the famous psychologist to study their own children for research purposes. Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) conducted a research study of his own children to the stages of cognitive development. The research that Piaget conducted indicated that the children were an organism that has the tendency to grasps to certain environments. He also suggested that children tend to go through the same stages of development and there seem to be no individual differences. The stages that Piaget used to conduct his research were the sensorimotor stage (0-2), the pre-operational stage (2-7), the concrete operational stage (7-11), and the formal operational stage (11-15). In the sensorimotor stage (0-2), the child is entirely egocentric; everything is a reflection of them. The children cannot determine the difference amongst themselves and the environment. At this stage the children have no recollection of the past and the future; each may focus on what is going on at that moment in time. The children may rely on the senses of sight, touch, and hearing. Cognitive psychologists believe that babies may rely on determinist behaviors, such as sucking, crawling, and watching (Greenwood, 2009). In this study the children are unaware that objects do not cease to exist when it isShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology And Social Influence1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn social psychology, social influence is a process where someone’s beliefs, thoughts and behaviour change by being exposed to beliefs, thoughts and opinions of others. It manifests in several forms, such as obedience, compliance and conformity. All these types of social influence have been studied by numerous researchers who investigated the reasons why people conform to social norms and obey to authorities, such as Milgram’s classic studies on obedience. His experiments support the popular ideaRead MoreSocial Psychology2623 Words   |  11 Pagesourselves (Friedkin, 1998). Social psychologists have conducted numerous experiments and concluded that, through various forms of social influence, groups can change their membe rs thoughts, feelings, and behaviour, intentionally or unintentionally, as a result of the way the changed person perceives themselves in relationship to the influencer, other people and society in general (Hogg amp; Vaughan, 2008). Hogg and Vaughan (2008) stated that the three areas of social influence are obedienceRead MoreThe Domain Of Psychology Which Will Be Social Psychology1295 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The research study will look at the domain of Psychology which will be Social Psychology. In psychology, social psychology is the methodical study of how people s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are subjective to change by presence of others. Social psychologists study how an individual’s or a group’s viewpoint is changed by the social influence and communication of other individuals and social groups. In this research the main concentration will be on the topic of conformityRead MoreSocial Psychology And Sociology And Psychology1450 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology is a broad field that incorporates aspects of both the sciences of Sociology and Psychology. This field of study is designed to help answer the question as to why people display certain behaviors due to their interaction with others. This field of study is very interesting due to its practicality, in regards to real-life demonstration, usage, and observation. In my life, I have held several jobs that have been heavily influenced by the dynamics of those who were around me. One jobRead MoreSocial Psychology Essay1906 Words   |  8 Pages Social psychology is a young science, barely a century old (Myers, 2010). Yet already its scientific explorations have shed light on love and hate, conformity and independence - social behaviors that we encounter each day (Myers, 2010). Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. (Myers, 2010). As we mature in life, our social world molds us as we interact in social thinking, social influences, and social relations. Social psychologyRead MoreApplied Social Psychology On Psychology981 Words   |  4 Pages Applied social psychology 2 Applied social psychology is one way that psychologist can study our thought, feeling and belief, and how we function around each other, in our everyday lives, here are the five issues that I will be addressing in my literature review they are social influence, Attribution Theory, Group polarization, Cognitive dissonance theory, and Observational Learning. Social applied psychologyRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Social Psychology1398 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer in his lifetime. Psychology is a very broad topic in general, and is easily broken down into two main categories: experimental psychology and social psychology. These two categories of psychology can be broken down further into many subcategories such as the following: clinical psychology, forensic psychology, and sports psychology. Both of these broad categories, nevertheless, share the same end goal, which is to understand the human mind and its functions. Psychology defined in the Merriam-WebsterRead MoreSo cial And Developmental Perspectives Of Psychology1446 Words   |  6 PagesPhinney Ong’s (2007) article discusses both the social and developmental perspectives of psychology in relation to the various components and measurements that are commonly used to identify ethnic identity within groups. To aid in their discussion, the researchers start by analyzing the available studies whose research effectually laid the groundwork for the development of both theoretical models and applicable assessments concerning individual and group ethnic identification, such as the MultigroupRead MoreSocial Psychology : The Bystander Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough we may not realize it, our social life is constantly being characterized by social influences and our environments. As individuals we tend to give in to social influences because we either do not know how to act in certain situations, or because we follow the social norms (when we tend to embrace other ways of thinking, be having, or feeling that are shared between a group of people). Social Psychology gives us the information we need in order to understand why we, at times, behave in a wayRead MoreSocial Psychology : A Unique Subfield Of Psychology1474 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology is a unique subfield of psychology. The history of the psychology dates back in 387 BC when Plato had inferred that the human brain is a device comprising of mental structures. Charles Darwin coined the theory of evolution called â€Å"Survival of the Fittest† when he disseminated his On the Origin of Species in 1859. Many other names have made major contributions in the field of psychology. However, it was Leon Festinger, in 1957, who propositioned his postulation of â€Å" Cognitive

Sources of Business Laws - 3301 Words

Sources of laws There are primarily two sources of American laws; Legislative source and the Judge or Court Made laws. Legislative sources cover the utilization of the constitution and the various criminal statutes from varied states. The constitution as a source of law is a written instrument and agreed upon by a given state or Union which acts as the guide to the decisions and actions for all the departments within the particular government. These guidelines remain as they are unless they are changed by the authority that instituted them through amendments. The constitution as a source of law has the longest life and is the hardest to amend. The other source of laws are the statutes which are the formal written enactment of the legislative body, be it state, county, federal or even city. These are more specific than the constitution and are enacted by the congress as a solution to major problems that arise with time. The statutes can be criminal statutes or civil statutes in nature and are genera lly easier to amend than the constitution. Regulations are yet another source of laws and are generally meant to implement the policy adopted within a statute. It can be looked at as an order or rule with the legal backing of the government executive authority. Most of these regulations are formed by agencies within the executive branch since they have the expertise in the particular fields in which they are offering the guidelines. The judge or court made law is yetShow MoreRelatedThe Principle Of Marketing : Bus 3305 Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesCONTENT 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Nature and Sources of Business Law 2.1 The Common Law 2.2. U.S. Constitution 2.3 Statutory law 1.4 Judicial Precedent 3.0 Impacts of the Law On Business 4.0 Ways that the law could be improved. 5.0 Conclusion 1.0 INTRODUCTION In reality the law covers an enormous range of situations and the legal system has a variety of courts and methods for dealing with different types of cases. 1.1 Meaning of Law There is no single meaning of law that is universally adopted. However,Read MoreThe Law And Its Effect On Business1645 Words   |  7 Pages Written Assignment Unit one BUS3305 Introduction The law as a whole is essential in every society as it serves as a guide for citizens to carry out their daily activities without the fear of repression. The absence of the law in any society always leads to instability, making it difficult for businesses to establish in such society. As the law affect almost every area of our lives, understanding how the law affects business in my country of origin, â€Å"Cameroon†, is quite useful as this informationRead MoreBusiness And Law : An Important Part Of The Regulation Of All System1505 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness and Law in my country Haiti Student X University of the People BUS 3305 Introduction Law is an important part of the regulation of all system; it intervenes in every domain. In this essay we will try to show three ways law affects business in my country, Haiti, we will also try to describe the nature and source of the law involved, and describe impacts of the law on business (both positive and negative), and suggest ways that the law could be improved. By studying this legal environmentRead MoreLaw Office Of Field And Field1422 Words   |  6 Pages Law Office of Field Field Memo To: Nicole Field From: [Your Name] Date: March 19, 2017 Re: Sources of Law and Ethics Introduction Good morning everyone, my name is Jalisa Ervin Thank you for taking the time out of your busy schedules to meet with me today. It has been brought to my attention that there was a situation involving the restaurant Lucky Horseshoe and someone who lives next to the restaurant. It was also brought to my attention that the neighbor whose name is Ann Reid called andRead MoreInternational Trade Case Study1292 Words   |  6 PagesELECTRONIC BUSINESS (BEB3014) CHAPTER3: CASE STUDY CASE STUDY: Microsoft and the People’s Republic of China Software piracy has been a major challenge for software makers such as Microsoft that want to sell software in the global marketplace. 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It covers the key traits of leaders and why they areRead MoreRights and Responsibilities at Work Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness/ Admin Notes Section one Rights And responsibilities at work Employment contracts Terms and conditions An employment contract is a very important document. It spells out the key things you can expect from your employer and what your employer expects from you. Once you’ve worked for your employer for two months, you have the legal right to receive details of your terms and conditions of employment in writing. This information may come in a letter or a formal contract of employmentRead MoreA Brief Note On Asda And Its Sources And Purpose Of Information803 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION In this task, I will talk about an organisation called Asda, I will talk about their history, different types of information used in Asda, their sources and purpose of information. History of Asda ASDA Stores Limited is an American-owned business, headquartered in Leeds, West Yorkshire. Asda is a subsidiary of Wal-Mart, the American retail supermarket since July 1999 and it is now the second-largest supermarket in the market. Aside, from the supermarket retail, the company offers aRead MoreNotes On Tax Taxation And Taxation1401 Words   |  6 Pages 3. Source-source double taxation. This is when both countries consider the source of the income to be within their country. Tax treaties will provide rules for determining the source of income. The source rules not only clarify in which country the income originated and may be tax but also states that the country that does not impose taxes must provide a relief from double taxation.† Economic double taxation is where the same income is taxed in more than one country in the hands of different taxpayersRead MoreApplying An Undergraduate Degree At A Respected University1484 Words   |  6 Pagespower of law and ensure justice. In order to achieve my goal, I must complete an undergraduate degree at a respected university, complete the Law School Admission Test with successful results, attend an established law school, and complete the Barrister and Solicitation exams. The core tasks of a lawyer include advising a client on their rights and representation in the court, constructing legal documents, and specializing in different types of laws (Career Cruising, 2016). Practicing law in Canada

Designing An Effective User Interface Essay - 1627 Words

There are many moving parts that work together to create an effective user interface. This idea is exemplified in Notes on Design Practice: Stories and Prototypes as Catalysts for Communication by Thomas Erickson because he gives the reader a nice overview of all of the creative pieces that go into this design process from start to finish. On a more focused level, Prototyping for Tiny Fingers by Marc Rettig puts a key element of that process under a microscope and breaks down what makes it so vital and how to get the most out of it. Together, these articles present clear and time-tested guidelines for efficient and creatively cost-effective interface development. Erickson talks about the some of the various methods that designers employ when they tackle issues found within their projects. Erickson focuses on the issues that stem from such areas as: problem setting (specifically the clear definition of what it is), team building as carried out by interdisciplinary groups, effective user involvement to assist in guiding the design process, the iterative process which is the foundation of collaborative design when developing prototypes, and the idea of design transfer, which is basically the concept that within large organizations, those who design a product are frequently not the same individuals as those who implement it. Erickson describes the early stage of the design process as the exploratory stage, which is the point where the general requirements are outlined and basicShow MoreRelatedFuture of Nursing Informatics in Trinidad and Tobago Telehealth Services1638 Words   |  7 Pagesto be used is the V model. This model takes the approach of tackling every stage of development, completing it and testing it before moving on to the next stage. Yes, it is a time consuming process but it is suitable for small projects such as designing this phone app. It also gives the advantage of discovering any problems early so they can be rectified. We should take on the same methodical approach for the phone app testing each stage of development before advancing to the next one throughoutRead MoreAIALS Case Study1708 Words   |  7 PagesDesigning for Success As early as the 1980s, AIALS were used as tools in the classroom, albeit on a much smaller scale. An artificially intelligent assessment learning systems that is designed for success, is â€Å"user-centered and addresses user-relevant issues at all stages in whatever form is appropriate† (Dillon, 1994, p. 19). This phenomena was supported by Hung et al. (2015) who indicated that a system that is well-designed should allow its users to navigate it easily, use its features and toolsRead MoreAIALS Case Study759 Words   |  4 Pagesis â€Å"user-centered and addresses user-relevant issues at all stages in whatever form is appropriate† (Dillon, 1994, p. 19). Hung et al. (2015) supported this phenomenon by indicating that when a system is well-designed, its users can navigate it easily, use its features and tools efficiently and respond appropriately to the demands of the systems. Hence, a well-designed AIALS is aligned accordingly with usability principles, and with featu res and tools to enhance learning performance for users. 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Poor design criteria in the user-interface will produce difficulty and waste of time when user try to interact with a computer. As Shniedermann (2000) claim â€Å"Designers of older technologies such as Postal Services, Telephones,Read MoreThe Success Of A Mobile1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe success of a mobile application depends on several factors. But none is more important than its ability to deliver an amazing User Experience (UX). Many experts have concluded the fact that the popularity of a mobile app depends exclusively on the level of UX it offers to the users. So, what are the factors that go into creating an ideal mobile UX? A number of studies conducted on this aspect has determined a range of expertise and technologies that go into achieving it. Experts haveRead MoreEssay On Ios System1390 Words   |  6 PagesCocoa Touch Core layer, layer and Media layer. The particular Core layer has 2 sub layer called Primary Services layer and Primary OS layer (Apple 2014, cited 22.02.2017). The Cacao touch coating (figure 1) can be considered because the user interface and user encounter. It offers huge number of design and components strategies from Apple, including multi-tasking, touch-based input and output, updates, plus high-level system contacts. Consequently, Cocoa touch layer is among the most fundamentalRead MoreCh 8 Review Questions Solutions1689 Words   |  7 Pages Chapter 8 Review Questions Solutions 1.Describe the prototyping process of designing forms and reports. What deliverables are produced from this process? Are these deliverables the same for all types of system projects? Why or why not? Designing forms and reports is a user-focused activity that typically follows a prototyping approach. First, you must gain an understanding of the intended user and task objectives by collecting initial requirements during requirements determination. AfterRead MoreDefining The Overall Requirements For Social Networking Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesteam, the testing team and the end users of the product. 1.2 SCOPE: The website â€Å"VISITING WIZARD† will be used to connect the people in very easy, simple and efficient way and one can share their feeling, information, idea and many more†¦, the services offered to an individual’s choice(s) and availability for making friends among various areas and destinations. A log concerning the registration and requests for friends and various other features by users are also maintained. The website willRead MoreAccessibility and-or Usability in the Context of Web Design and Computing1203 Words   |  5 PagesNunes (2012), accessibility and/or usability in the context of web design and computing are two closely related features. Their approaches, goals and guidelines closely overlap each other, hence it is convenient to collectively consider them in web designing and content development. However, it may be necessary to be specific sometimes especially when addressing the issue of discrimination against those with disabilities or in defini ng the specific accessibility and usability standards. This paper addresses

Importance Of Reward Management - Click To Get Free Sample

Question: Discuss the importance of reward management and organizations use two types of rewards as employee incentives? Answer: Introduction The concept of reward system has been introduced for acknowledging the efforts and contribution of the employees towards the overall goal attainment of the business organization. This reward system management mainly concerns with rewarding the deserving candidates in the workplace based on their worth for the business and in the fair and just manner (Armstrong and Cummins, 2011). The management system is accounted to be an effective tool used by Human Resource management team while managing the performance of the employees in the organization. This essay has dealt with the assessment of significance of reward system management for the business organization and why organizations use two types of rewards as incentives for the employees. Importance of reward management The key importance of reward system in the organization it helps in motivating the employees and encourages them to perform better. This management system enables the organizational leaders to boost up the employees retention ability of the organization and thus, develop a stronger bond between the employees and organization (Aguinis, 2009). There are different types of rewards which are given to the employees such as, the minimum wage, earnings, share options, merit increase and long term incentive plans. Minimum Wage: The minimum wage system is considered to be the compensation provided by the business organization for the time and effort of the employees and which is provided to the employees as a counter balance. This is the monetary form of compensation which is paid to the employee for the service, the person is providing to the company. Irrespective of the nature and job and organization all the employees are provided with the minimum salary for their service in the organization (Armstrong, 2007). Based on the skill and qualification required for the job a standard minimum wage or salary is provided to the employee staffs. This is also acting as the reward that the person is provided with by the organization for the expertise and support and for this purpose a minimum wage is decided. However, based on the productivity some additional amounts are also given as the reward system of the company. The rewarding system in shape of minimum wage is one of the effective and most widely used methods f ollowed by most of the business organizations. From the general point of view the amount of minimum wage or salary symbolizes the value of the employee in the organization and the higher the amount it is considered to be more prestigious for the employees. Earnings: ]The earnings system is another effective form of providing incentives to the employees in the process of reward management system. This is the extrinsic form of reward or can be realized in the monetary terms such as the periodic bonus or incentive provided to the achievement of any target by the employee. The earnings is the additional amount of money that the employee can get over and above normal amount of reimbursement for the extra effort made by the employee for the achievement of certain target of the company (Armstrong, Brown and Reilly, 2010). The earnings act like an incentive used by company in the process of encouraging the employees to give their extra effort. This is also considered to be a primary form of rewarding the employees and which is also appreciated among the workforce of the organization mainly in the manufacturing sector. The earnings system has been developed from the concept that the extra efforts of the employees assist a firm to generate more earnings a nd company share a part of its earnings with the deserving employees. Thus, the rewarding policy through earnings is shaped to gain the satisfaction of the employees and motivate them to give their extra effort (Brown, 2014). Share Options: Offering the share options is another form of reward system used by the companies. The offering of share options as the rewards is not found in all business organizations but, this is recognized as a common method of recognition which is offered to the employees by the companies. Mainly the higher levels of employees are rewarded with share options. This is considered to be a prestigious form of reward that an employee can get for the service as; by offering the shares the management offers a part of ownership of the business to the employee (Korzynski, 2013). Thus, the worth or value of the employee is recognized and the higher level employees are further motivated to shape more effective strategies for the company and help the business to uplift its performance. The share options provided to the employees not only offer them the share of business ownership but, the employee also gets the additional benefit of getting the share of periodic profits in shape of dividend. Thus, it can be said that this form of rewarding system can help the organizations to offer the extrinsic reward to the employees. Merit Increase: The use of merit increase system is the way established by the organizational leaders to pay for the performance of the employees other than the normal pays. The term merit has been used as the pay is based on the performance and based on the past records or improvement in the merit list of the employee that the rewarding amount is ascertained. The amount is used as the increased pay that the employee would get on the continuous basis with the basis pay or salary. The merit increase amount is decided depending on the improvement of performance of the employees studied for the specific time period (Mikkelsen, et al., 2015). Other factors taken into account for deciding the amount is the pay trend in the market and prevailing economic situation of the economy. This type of rewarding system is one of the most used from of rewarding the employees, followed by the organizational leaders. The merit increase system is used for acknowledging the performance of the employee over the longer time period, and also provides the employee a competitive amount to the employees that helps them to cope up with the increased cost of living (Bamberger et al., 2014). Therefore, this kind of reward system help the employees to uplift their standard of living and this is highly appreciated by the employees. Long Term Incentive Plan: The long term incentives plans are generally used by the HR management group so as to help uplift the long term performance of the employees in the workplace. The rewarding system has been designed with a strategic interest of the company it aims to retain the skill and expertise back into the business for the longer time period. Nevertheless, as the system is based on long term basis therefore, there are certain conditions that the employee needs to fulfil in the course of employment (Naile and Selesho, 2014). Within the considered span of time the employee will have to prove his or her worth in the company by helping in elevating the overall productivity of the company. Generally, the company offers its shares to the employee but, the entire ownership of the specified number of shares, is parted and the employee would be able enjoy the reward gradually. This is mainly done to ensure the long term relationship between the company and its employee or executive and thus, a strategy us ed to reduce the rate of employee turnover (Perkins and White, 2011). Moreover, this reward system not only ensures a long stay of the employee with the company but also encourage the person to improve the performance in the due course. Organizations use two types of rewards as employee incentives With continuous changes of the business environment has given birth to a number of new dynamics when it comes to management of the human resources. The organizational managers are considering a number of newer methods of motivating the employees to help them to uplift the standard of their performance and also to improve the bonding of the company and its employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Therefore, from the broader perspective there are two basic forms of reward systems the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards are offered by organizations as the two major forms of rewards. Where the extrinsic is considered to be the traditional and most used form of reward system, the rewards which come in the monetary forms are known as the extrinsic rewards. Few decades back the incentives or rewards in the monetary forms were hugely recognized among the employees with the shift in the perceptions and dynamics, as per the present work culture intrinsic rewards are mainly preferred by the employees. Therefore, owing to shifts in the market the business organizations too had to modify its offerings for the employees. This is true that money is the basic factor that the employees are servicing in the business organizations (Thomas, 2016). However, at present the employees consider the aspects of flexible time, job rotations, job enrichments, more responsibilities and offering more motivating and exciting jobs to employees are highly demand rather than only getting the extrinsic rewards. The intrinsic rewards highly motivate the employees to stretch their limits while performing in the organizations. This is the main reason that the organizations are uses both the types rewards for recognizing the performance of the employees and motivating them. Therefore, most of the leading multinational like Toyota, Ford, Tesco, IBM, AZ Banks and many others from different sectors are highly regarding the intrinsic rewards for stimulating their work forces. The extrinsic rewards are fulfilling the basic needs of the employees yet; the intrinsic rewards are providing the employees with the sense of meaningfulness, competence and progress (Armstrong, 2012). This is the main reason that the organizations are trying thriving hard to meet with the psychological requirements of the employees by providing them intrinsic and extrinsic as well as rewards. Such as Tesco is offering a range of competitive benefits and incentives which is also instrumental with the labour laws of the country. The company is offering 75 percent coverage for the medical requirements of the employees in US and is also offering the tuition subsidy in South Korea for the children of their employees. During 2010 the company rewarded their 216000 employees with 105.5 million value shares under the scheme Shares In Success (Rewards and benefits - Tesco PLC, 2016). However, apart from the extrinsic rewards the company is also offering the extrinsic rewards as well such as offering flexible time for working, maternity leave, job sharing, part time jobs and many more. Recommendations From the shifts in the management system of human resource this is apparent that motivating the employees for performance enhancement has always been one of the core aspects of the organizational leaders. This is where the consideration of reward management plays a pivotal role and enabling the organizational managers to reward the employees in the most able manner. Nevertheless, at present the intrinsic rewards are highly appreciated by the employees beside the extrinsic. Therefore, this is highly desirable for the companies irrespective of the nature and size that they should value their employees by offering them more responsibilities in the workplace (Armin, 2010). The job enrichment gives the employees the sense of belonging in the organization and they try to prove their worth with added responsibilities. Further offering the incentives of flexible timing accompanied with more holidays encourages the employees to accelerate their productivity and efficiency when the employees are at work. This would be further suggestible that all organizations should use the intrinsic benefits along with extrinsic rewards to boost the morale of the employees and encourage them to give their best to the organization, corporate with the entire team and learn more. Conclusion This can be concluded from that the reward management system, at present is used as the essential devise to design the performance and motivate the morale of the employees in the workplaces. There are different forms rewards like the bonus, fringe benefits, increments and others or the extrinsic type of reward but, the intrinsic type is equally important in the proves of valuing the employees or human assets of the organization. References Aguinis, H. 2009,Performance management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Armin, F. 2010, Neural Correlates of the Influence of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation.Front. Neurosci., vol. 4. Armstrong, M. 2007,A handbook of employee reward management and practice. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M. 2012, Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M. and Cummins, A. 2011,The reward management toolkit. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. 2014,Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M., Brown, D. and Reilly, P. 2010,Evidence-based reward management. London: Kogan Page. Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., Meshoulam, I. 2014,Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Brown, D. 2014, The Future of Reward Management: From Total Reward Strategies to Smart Rewards.Compensation Benefits Review, vol. 46, no. 3, pp.147-151. Korzynski, P. 2013, Employee motivation in new working environment.International Journal of Academic Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp.184-188. Mikkelsen, M., Jacobsen, C. and Andersen, L. 2015, Managing Employee Motivation: Exploring the Connections Between Managers Enforcement Actions, Employee Perceptions, and Employee Intrinsic Motivation.International Public Management Journal, pp.1-23. Naile, I. and Selesho, J. 2014, The Role of Leadership in Employee Motivation.MJSS. Perkins, S. and White, G. 2011, Reward management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Rewards and benefits - Tesco PLC. 2016, [online] Tescoplc.com. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/site/library/policiesandfactsheets/rewards-and-benefits.htm [Accessed 7 Mar. 2016]. Thomas, K. 2016,The Four Intrinsic Rewards that Drive Employee Engagement | Ivey Business Journal. [online] Iveybusinessjournal.com. Available at: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-four-intrinsic-rewards-that-drive-employee-engagement/ [Accessed 7 Mar. 2016].