Social Psychology - 1703 Words

Introduction Social orientation is the recognition of human psychology and behavior. The emphasis on human thought, emotion, and behavior was to represent the thought, emotion, and behavior of members of a social group. Thomas Hobbes declared that the social groups are nothing more than a collection of individuals and that of social thought, emotion, and behavior, governed by the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain (Greenwood, 2009). Cognitive psychology represents the distinction amongst the human mind and a computer that suggest that humans have the ability to process information from around the world just as computer. Cognitive psychology is not old but the newest part of psychology where the information we receive through our†¦show more content†¦Hall’s studies of child development of children, adolescents, and of old age designed a roadway for some of the famous psychologist to study their own children for research purposes. Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) conducted a research study of his own children to the stages of cognitive development. The research that Piaget conducted indicated that the children were an organism that has the tendency to grasps to certain environments. He also suggested that children tend to go through the same stages of development and there seem to be no individual differences. The stages that Piaget used to conduct his research were the sensorimotor stage (0-2), the pre-operational stage (2-7), the concrete operational stage (7-11), and the formal operational stage (11-15). In the sensorimotor stage (0-2), the child is entirely egocentric; everything is a reflection of them. The children cannot determine the difference amongst themselves and the environment. At this stage the children have no recollection of the past and the future; each may focus on what is going on at that moment in time. The children may rely on the senses of sight, touch, and hearing. Cognitive psychologists believe that babies may rely on determinist behaviors, such as sucking, crawling, and watching (Greenwood, 2009). In this study the children are unaware that objects do not cease to exist when it isShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology And Social Influence1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn social psychology, social influence is a process where someone’s beliefs, thoughts and behaviour change by being exposed to beliefs, thoughts and opinions of others. It manifests in several forms, such as obedience, compliance and conformity. All these types of social influence have been studied by numerous researchers who investigated the reasons why people conform to social norms and obey to authorities, such as Milgram’s classic studies on obedience. His experiments support the popular ideaRead MoreSocial Psychology2623 Words   |  11 Pagesourselves (Friedkin, 1998). Social psychologists have conducted numerous experiments and concluded that, through various forms of social influence, groups can change their membe rs thoughts, feelings, and behaviour, intentionally or unintentionally, as a result of the way the changed person perceives themselves in relationship to the influencer, other people and society in general (Hogg amp; Vaughan, 2008). Hogg and Vaughan (2008) stated that the three areas of social influence are obedienceRead MoreThe Domain Of Psychology Which Will Be Social Psychology1295 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The research study will look at the domain of Psychology which will be Social Psychology. In psychology, social psychology is the methodical study of how people s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are subjective to change by presence of others. Social psychologists study how an individual’s or a group’s viewpoint is changed by the social influence and communication of other individuals and social groups. In this research the main concentration will be on the topic of conformityRead MoreSocial Psychology And Sociology And Psychology1450 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology is a broad field that incorporates aspects of both the sciences of Sociology and Psychology. This field of study is designed to help answer the question as to why people display certain behaviors due to their interaction with others. This field of study is very interesting due to its practicality, in regards to real-life demonstration, usage, and observation. In my life, I have held several jobs that have been heavily influenced by the dynamics of those who were around me. One jobRead MoreSocial Psychology Essay1906 Words   |  8 Pages Social psychology is a young science, barely a century old (Myers, 2010). Yet already its scientific explorations have shed light on love and hate, conformity and independence - social behaviors that we encounter each day (Myers, 2010). Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. (Myers, 2010). As we mature in life, our social world molds us as we interact in social thinking, social influences, and social relations. Social psychologyRead MoreApplied Social Psychology On Psychology981 Words   |  4 Pages Applied social psychology 2 Applied social psychology is one way that psychologist can study our thought, feeling and belief, and how we function around each other, in our everyday lives, here are the five issues that I will be addressing in my literature review they are social influence, Attribution Theory, Group polarization, Cognitive dissonance theory, and Observational Learning. Social applied psychologyRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Social Psychology1398 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer in his lifetime. Psychology is a very broad topic in general, and is easily broken down into two main categories: experimental psychology and social psychology. These two categories of psychology can be broken down further into many subcategories such as the following: clinical psychology, forensic psychology, and sports psychology. Both of these broad categories, nevertheless, share the same end goal, which is to understand the human mind and its functions. Psychology defined in the Merriam-WebsterRead MoreSo cial And Developmental Perspectives Of Psychology1446 Words   |  6 PagesPhinney Ong’s (2007) article discusses both the social and developmental perspectives of psychology in relation to the various components and measurements that are commonly used to identify ethnic identity within groups. To aid in their discussion, the researchers start by analyzing the available studies whose research effectually laid the groundwork for the development of both theoretical models and applicable assessments concerning individual and group ethnic identification, such as the MultigroupRead MoreSocial Psychology : The Bystander Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough we may not realize it, our social life is constantly being characterized by social influences and our environments. As individuals we tend to give in to social influences because we either do not know how to act in certain situations, or because we follow the social norms (when we tend to embrace other ways of thinking, be having, or feeling that are shared between a group of people). Social Psychology gives us the information we need in order to understand why we, at times, behave in a wayRead MoreSocial Psychology : A Unique Subfield Of Psychology1474 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology is a unique subfield of psychology. The history of the psychology dates back in 387 BC when Plato had inferred that the human brain is a device comprising of mental structures. Charles Darwin coined the theory of evolution called â€Å"Survival of the Fittest† when he disseminated his On the Origin of Species in 1859. Many other names have made major contributions in the field of psychology. However, it was Leon Festinger, in 1957, who propositioned his postulation of â€Å" Cognitive

Sources of Business Laws - 3301 Words

Sources of laws There are primarily two sources of American laws; Legislative source and the Judge or Court Made laws. Legislative sources cover the utilization of the constitution and the various criminal statutes from varied states. The constitution as a source of law is a written instrument and agreed upon by a given state or Union which acts as the guide to the decisions and actions for all the departments within the particular government. These guidelines remain as they are unless they are changed by the authority that instituted them through amendments. The constitution as a source of law has the longest life and is the hardest to amend. The other source of laws are the statutes which are the formal written enactment of the legislative body, be it state, county, federal or even city. These are more specific than the constitution and are enacted by the congress as a solution to major problems that arise with time. The statutes can be criminal statutes or civil statutes in nature and are genera lly easier to amend than the constitution. Regulations are yet another source of laws and are generally meant to implement the policy adopted within a statute. It can be looked at as an order or rule with the legal backing of the government executive authority. Most of these regulations are formed by agencies within the executive branch since they have the expertise in the particular fields in which they are offering the guidelines. The judge or court made law is yetShow MoreRelatedThe Principle Of Marketing : Bus 3305 Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesCONTENT 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Nature and Sources of Business Law 2.1 The Common Law 2.2. U.S. Constitution 2.3 Statutory law 1.4 Judicial Precedent 3.0 Impacts of the Law On Business 4.0 Ways that the law could be improved. 5.0 Conclusion 1.0 INTRODUCTION In reality the law covers an enormous range of situations and the legal system has a variety of courts and methods for dealing with different types of cases. 1.1 Meaning of Law There is no single meaning of law that is universally adopted. However,Read MoreThe Law And Its Effect On Business1645 Words   |  7 Pages Written Assignment Unit one BUS3305 Introduction The law as a whole is essential in every society as it serves as a guide for citizens to carry out their daily activities without the fear of repression. The absence of the law in any society always leads to instability, making it difficult for businesses to establish in such society. As the law affect almost every area of our lives, understanding how the law affects business in my country of origin, â€Å"Cameroon†, is quite useful as this informationRead MoreBusiness And Law : An Important Part Of The Regulation Of All System1505 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness and Law in my country Haiti Student X University of the People BUS 3305 Introduction Law is an important part of the regulation of all system; it intervenes in every domain. In this essay we will try to show three ways law affects business in my country, Haiti, we will also try to describe the nature and source of the law involved, and describe impacts of the law on business (both positive and negative), and suggest ways that the law could be improved. By studying this legal environmentRead MoreLaw Office Of Field And Field1422 Words   |  6 Pages Law Office of Field Field Memo To: Nicole Field From: [Your Name] Date: March 19, 2017 Re: Sources of Law and Ethics Introduction Good morning everyone, my name is Jalisa Ervin Thank you for taking the time out of your busy schedules to meet with me today. It has been brought to my attention that there was a situation involving the restaurant Lucky Horseshoe and someone who lives next to the restaurant. It was also brought to my attention that the neighbor whose name is Ann Reid called andRead MoreInternational Trade Case Study1292 Words   |  6 PagesELECTRONIC BUSINESS (BEB3014) CHAPTER3: CASE STUDY CASE STUDY: Microsoft and the People’s Republic of China Software piracy has been a major challenge for software makers such as Microsoft that want to sell software in the global marketplace. Laws that protect intellectual property vary from country to country, and the laws in many countries provide little or no protection. Governments in developing countries are reluctant to increase the protections afforded by their intellectual propertyRead MoreCM220 UNIT 4 ASSIGNMENT1380 Words   |  6 Pageswork done and make a company successful. This is a reliable source because it is from Kaplan Library and the authors are very creditable within the business and educational world. This eBook is an Academic creditable source. Crevani, L., Lindgren, M., Packendorff, J. (2009). We Don’t Need Another Hero: Towards The Study of Leadership as Everyday Practices. This academic paper that is only available through academic sources on the web. It covers the key traits of leaders and why they areRead MoreRights and Responsibilities at Work Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness/ Admin Notes Section one Rights And responsibilities at work Employment contracts Terms and conditions An employment contract is a very important document. It spells out the key things you can expect from your employer and what your employer expects from you. Once you’ve worked for your employer for two months, you have the legal right to receive details of your terms and conditions of employment in writing. This information may come in a letter or a formal contract of employmentRead MoreA Brief Note On Asda And Its Sources And Purpose Of Information803 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION In this task, I will talk about an organisation called Asda, I will talk about their history, different types of information used in Asda, their sources and purpose of information. History of Asda ASDA Stores Limited is an American-owned business, headquartered in Leeds, West Yorkshire. Asda is a subsidiary of Wal-Mart, the American retail supermarket since July 1999 and it is now the second-largest supermarket in the market. Aside, from the supermarket retail, the company offers aRead MoreNotes On Tax Taxation And Taxation1401 Words   |  6 Pages 3. Source-source double taxation. This is when both countries consider the source of the income to be within their country. Tax treaties will provide rules for determining the source of income. The source rules not only clarify in which country the income originated and may be tax but also states that the country that does not impose taxes must provide a relief from double taxation.† Economic double taxation is where the same income is taxed in more than one country in the hands of different taxpayersRead MoreApplying An Undergraduate Degree At A Respected University1484 Words   |  6 Pagespower of law and ensure justice. In order to achieve my goal, I must complete an undergraduate degree at a respected university, complete the Law School Admission Test with successful results, attend an established law school, and complete the Barrister and Solicitation exams. The core tasks of a lawyer include advising a client on their rights and representation in the court, constructing legal documents, and specializing in different types of laws (Career Cruising, 2016). Practicing law in Canada

Designing An Effective User Interface Essay - 1627 Words

There are many moving parts that work together to create an effective user interface. This idea is exemplified in Notes on Design Practice: Stories and Prototypes as Catalysts for Communication by Thomas Erickson because he gives the reader a nice overview of all of the creative pieces that go into this design process from start to finish. On a more focused level, Prototyping for Tiny Fingers by Marc Rettig puts a key element of that process under a microscope and breaks down what makes it so vital and how to get the most out of it. Together, these articles present clear and time-tested guidelines for efficient and creatively cost-effective interface development. Erickson talks about the some of the various methods that designers employ when they tackle issues found within their projects. Erickson focuses on the issues that stem from such areas as: problem setting (specifically the clear definition of what it is), team building as carried out by interdisciplinary groups, effective user involvement to assist in guiding the design process, the iterative process which is the foundation of collaborative design when developing prototypes, and the idea of design transfer, which is basically the concept that within large organizations, those who design a product are frequently not the same individuals as those who implement it. Erickson describes the early stage of the design process as the exploratory stage, which is the point where the general requirements are outlined and basicShow MoreRelatedFuture of Nursing Informatics in Trinidad and Tobago Telehealth Services1638 Words   |  7 Pagesto be used is the V model. This model takes the approach of tackling every stage of development, completing it and testing it before moving on to the next stage. Yes, it is a time consuming process but it is suitable for small projects such as designing this phone app. It also gives the advantage of discovering any problems early so they can be rectified. We should take on the same methodical approach for the phone app testing each stage of development before advancing to the next one throughoutRead MoreAIALS Case Study1708 Words   |  7 PagesDesigning for Success As early as the 1980s, AIALS were used as tools in the classroom, albeit on a much smaller scale. An artificially intelligent assessment learning systems that is designed for success, is â€Å"user-centered and addresses user-relevant issues at all stages in whatever form is appropriate† (Dillon, 1994, p. 19). This phenomena was supported by Hung et al. (2015) who indicated that a system that is well-designed should allow its users to navigate it easily, use its features and toolsRead MoreAIALS Case Study759 Words   |  4 Pagesis â€Å"user-centered and addresses user-relevant issues at all stages in whatever form is appropriate† (Dillon, 1994, p. 19). Hung et al. (2015) supported this phenomenon by indicating that when a system is well-designed, its users can navigate it easily, use its features and tools efficiently and respond appropriately to the demands of the systems. Hence, a well-designed AIALS is aligned accordingly with usability principles, and with featu res and tools to enhance learning performance for users. GenerallyRead MoreEssay On Reliability Of Visualization Tools1588 Words   |  7 Pages 4.2 Reliability of visualization tools Human factors study to evaluate a new interactive data integration platform for pediatric intensive care called T3 that was conducted to identify interface usability issues, to measure ease of use, and to describe interface features that may enable or hinder clinical tasks [2 cite the reference not number]. The key finding highlighted the low level of reliability placed by clinicians on data representations since they did not know how they were establishedRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction1508 Words   |  7 Pagesbanking and education adopted computer technology to improve productivity and efficiency. Interaction between human and machine occurs in user interface and the communication mode between user and a computer system is influenced by the design of user interface (Dix et al, 2004). Poor design criteria in the user-interface will produce difficulty and waste of time when user try to interact with a computer. As Shniedermann (2000) claim â€Å"Designers of older technologies such as Postal Services, Telephones,Read MoreThe Success Of A Mobile1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe success of a mobile application depends on several factors. But none is more important than its ability to deliver an amazing User Experience (UX). Many experts have concluded the fact that the popularity of a mobile app depends exclusively on the level of UX it offers to the users. So, what are the factors that go into creating an ideal mobile UX? A number of studies conducted on this aspect has determined a range of expertise and technologies that go into achieving it. Experts haveRead MoreEssay On Ios System1390 Words   |  6 PagesCocoa Touch Core layer, layer and Media layer. The particular Core layer has 2 sub layer called Primary Services layer and Primary OS layer (Apple 2014, cited 22.02.2017). The Cacao touch coating (figure 1) can be considered because the user interface and user encounter. It offers huge number of design and components strategies from Apple, including multi-tasking, touch-based input and output, updates, plus high-level system contacts. Consequently, Cocoa touch layer is among the most fundamentalRead MoreCh 8 Review Questions Solutions1689 Words   |  7 Pages Chapter 8 Review Questions Solutions 1.Describe the prototyping process of designing forms and reports. What deliverables are produced from this process? Are these deliverables the same for all types of system projects? Why or why not? Designing forms and reports is a user-focused activity that typically follows a prototyping approach. First, you must gain an understanding of the intended user and task objectives by collecting initial requirements during requirements determination. AfterRead MoreDefining The Overall Requirements For Social Networking Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesteam, the testing team and the end users of the product. 1.2 SCOPE: The website â€Å"VISITING WIZARD† will be used to connect the people in very easy, simple and efficient way and one can share their feeling, information, idea and many more†¦, the services offered to an individual’s choice(s) and availability for making friends among various areas and destinations. A log concerning the registration and requests for friends and various other features by users are also maintained. The website willRead MoreAccessibility and-or Usability in the Context of Web Design and Computing1203 Words   |  5 PagesNunes (2012), accessibility and/or usability in the context of web design and computing are two closely related features. Their approaches, goals and guidelines closely overlap each other, hence it is convenient to collectively consider them in web designing and content development. However, it may be necessary to be specific sometimes especially when addressing the issue of discrimination against those with disabilities or in defini ng the specific accessibility and usability standards. This paper addresses

Importance Of Reward Management - Click To Get Free Sample

Question: Discuss the importance of reward management and organizations use two types of rewards as employee incentives? Answer: Introduction The concept of reward system has been introduced for acknowledging the efforts and contribution of the employees towards the overall goal attainment of the business organization. This reward system management mainly concerns with rewarding the deserving candidates in the workplace based on their worth for the business and in the fair and just manner (Armstrong and Cummins, 2011). The management system is accounted to be an effective tool used by Human Resource management team while managing the performance of the employees in the organization. This essay has dealt with the assessment of significance of reward system management for the business organization and why organizations use two types of rewards as incentives for the employees. Importance of reward management The key importance of reward system in the organization it helps in motivating the employees and encourages them to perform better. This management system enables the organizational leaders to boost up the employees retention ability of the organization and thus, develop a stronger bond between the employees and organization (Aguinis, 2009). There are different types of rewards which are given to the employees such as, the minimum wage, earnings, share options, merit increase and long term incentive plans. Minimum Wage: The minimum wage system is considered to be the compensation provided by the business organization for the time and effort of the employees and which is provided to the employees as a counter balance. This is the monetary form of compensation which is paid to the employee for the service, the person is providing to the company. Irrespective of the nature and job and organization all the employees are provided with the minimum salary for their service in the organization (Armstrong, 2007). Based on the skill and qualification required for the job a standard minimum wage or salary is provided to the employee staffs. This is also acting as the reward that the person is provided with by the organization for the expertise and support and for this purpose a minimum wage is decided. However, based on the productivity some additional amounts are also given as the reward system of the company. The rewarding system in shape of minimum wage is one of the effective and most widely used methods f ollowed by most of the business organizations. From the general point of view the amount of minimum wage or salary symbolizes the value of the employee in the organization and the higher the amount it is considered to be more prestigious for the employees. Earnings: ]The earnings system is another effective form of providing incentives to the employees in the process of reward management system. This is the extrinsic form of reward or can be realized in the monetary terms such as the periodic bonus or incentive provided to the achievement of any target by the employee. The earnings is the additional amount of money that the employee can get over and above normal amount of reimbursement for the extra effort made by the employee for the achievement of certain target of the company (Armstrong, Brown and Reilly, 2010). The earnings act like an incentive used by company in the process of encouraging the employees to give their extra effort. This is also considered to be a primary form of rewarding the employees and which is also appreciated among the workforce of the organization mainly in the manufacturing sector. The earnings system has been developed from the concept that the extra efforts of the employees assist a firm to generate more earnings a nd company share a part of its earnings with the deserving employees. Thus, the rewarding policy through earnings is shaped to gain the satisfaction of the employees and motivate them to give their extra effort (Brown, 2014). Share Options: Offering the share options is another form of reward system used by the companies. The offering of share options as the rewards is not found in all business organizations but, this is recognized as a common method of recognition which is offered to the employees by the companies. Mainly the higher levels of employees are rewarded with share options. This is considered to be a prestigious form of reward that an employee can get for the service as; by offering the shares the management offers a part of ownership of the business to the employee (Korzynski, 2013). Thus, the worth or value of the employee is recognized and the higher level employees are further motivated to shape more effective strategies for the company and help the business to uplift its performance. The share options provided to the employees not only offer them the share of business ownership but, the employee also gets the additional benefit of getting the share of periodic profits in shape of dividend. Thus, it can be said that this form of rewarding system can help the organizations to offer the extrinsic reward to the employees. Merit Increase: The use of merit increase system is the way established by the organizational leaders to pay for the performance of the employees other than the normal pays. The term merit has been used as the pay is based on the performance and based on the past records or improvement in the merit list of the employee that the rewarding amount is ascertained. The amount is used as the increased pay that the employee would get on the continuous basis with the basis pay or salary. The merit increase amount is decided depending on the improvement of performance of the employees studied for the specific time period (Mikkelsen, et al., 2015). Other factors taken into account for deciding the amount is the pay trend in the market and prevailing economic situation of the economy. This type of rewarding system is one of the most used from of rewarding the employees, followed by the organizational leaders. The merit increase system is used for acknowledging the performance of the employee over the longer time period, and also provides the employee a competitive amount to the employees that helps them to cope up with the increased cost of living (Bamberger et al., 2014). Therefore, this kind of reward system help the employees to uplift their standard of living and this is highly appreciated by the employees. Long Term Incentive Plan: The long term incentives plans are generally used by the HR management group so as to help uplift the long term performance of the employees in the workplace. The rewarding system has been designed with a strategic interest of the company it aims to retain the skill and expertise back into the business for the longer time period. Nevertheless, as the system is based on long term basis therefore, there are certain conditions that the employee needs to fulfil in the course of employment (Naile and Selesho, 2014). Within the considered span of time the employee will have to prove his or her worth in the company by helping in elevating the overall productivity of the company. Generally, the company offers its shares to the employee but, the entire ownership of the specified number of shares, is parted and the employee would be able enjoy the reward gradually. This is mainly done to ensure the long term relationship between the company and its employee or executive and thus, a strategy us ed to reduce the rate of employee turnover (Perkins and White, 2011). Moreover, this reward system not only ensures a long stay of the employee with the company but also encourage the person to improve the performance in the due course. Organizations use two types of rewards as employee incentives With continuous changes of the business environment has given birth to a number of new dynamics when it comes to management of the human resources. The organizational managers are considering a number of newer methods of motivating the employees to help them to uplift the standard of their performance and also to improve the bonding of the company and its employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Therefore, from the broader perspective there are two basic forms of reward systems the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards are offered by organizations as the two major forms of rewards. Where the extrinsic is considered to be the traditional and most used form of reward system, the rewards which come in the monetary forms are known as the extrinsic rewards. Few decades back the incentives or rewards in the monetary forms were hugely recognized among the employees with the shift in the perceptions and dynamics, as per the present work culture intrinsic rewards are mainly preferred by the employees. Therefore, owing to shifts in the market the business organizations too had to modify its offerings for the employees. This is true that money is the basic factor that the employees are servicing in the business organizations (Thomas, 2016). However, at present the employees consider the aspects of flexible time, job rotations, job enrichments, more responsibilities and offering more motivating and exciting jobs to employees are highly demand rather than only getting the extrinsic rewards. The intrinsic rewards highly motivate the employees to stretch their limits while performing in the organizations. This is the main reason that the organizations are uses both the types rewards for recognizing the performance of the employees and motivating them. Therefore, most of the leading multinational like Toyota, Ford, Tesco, IBM, AZ Banks and many others from different sectors are highly regarding the intrinsic rewards for stimulating their work forces. The extrinsic rewards are fulfilling the basic needs of the employees yet; the intrinsic rewards are providing the employees with the sense of meaningfulness, competence and progress (Armstrong, 2012). This is the main reason that the organizations are trying thriving hard to meet with the psychological requirements of the employees by providing them intrinsic and extrinsic as well as rewards. Such as Tesco is offering a range of competitive benefits and incentives which is also instrumental with the labour laws of the country. The company is offering 75 percent coverage for the medical requirements of the employees in US and is also offering the tuition subsidy in South Korea for the children of their employees. During 2010 the company rewarded their 216000 employees with 105.5 million value shares under the scheme Shares In Success (Rewards and benefits - Tesco PLC, 2016). However, apart from the extrinsic rewards the company is also offering the extrinsic rewards as well such as offering flexible time for working, maternity leave, job sharing, part time jobs and many more. Recommendations From the shifts in the management system of human resource this is apparent that motivating the employees for performance enhancement has always been one of the core aspects of the organizational leaders. This is where the consideration of reward management plays a pivotal role and enabling the organizational managers to reward the employees in the most able manner. Nevertheless, at present the intrinsic rewards are highly appreciated by the employees beside the extrinsic. Therefore, this is highly desirable for the companies irrespective of the nature and size that they should value their employees by offering them more responsibilities in the workplace (Armin, 2010). The job enrichment gives the employees the sense of belonging in the organization and they try to prove their worth with added responsibilities. Further offering the incentives of flexible timing accompanied with more holidays encourages the employees to accelerate their productivity and efficiency when the employees are at work. This would be further suggestible that all organizations should use the intrinsic benefits along with extrinsic rewards to boost the morale of the employees and encourage them to give their best to the organization, corporate with the entire team and learn more. Conclusion This can be concluded from that the reward management system, at present is used as the essential devise to design the performance and motivate the morale of the employees in the workplaces. There are different forms rewards like the bonus, fringe benefits, increments and others or the extrinsic type of reward but, the intrinsic type is equally important in the proves of valuing the employees or human assets of the organization. References Aguinis, H. 2009,Performance management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Armin, F. 2010, Neural Correlates of the Influence of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation.Front. Neurosci., vol. 4. Armstrong, M. 2007,A handbook of employee reward management and practice. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M. 2012, Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M. and Cummins, A. 2011,The reward management toolkit. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. 2014,Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M., Brown, D. and Reilly, P. 2010,Evidence-based reward management. London: Kogan Page. Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., Meshoulam, I. 2014,Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Brown, D. 2014, The Future of Reward Management: From Total Reward Strategies to Smart Rewards.Compensation Benefits Review, vol. 46, no. 3, pp.147-151. Korzynski, P. 2013, Employee motivation in new working environment.International Journal of Academic Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp.184-188. Mikkelsen, M., Jacobsen, C. and Andersen, L. 2015, Managing Employee Motivation: Exploring the Connections Between Managers Enforcement Actions, Employee Perceptions, and Employee Intrinsic Motivation.International Public Management Journal, pp.1-23. Naile, I. and Selesho, J. 2014, The Role of Leadership in Employee Motivation.MJSS. Perkins, S. and White, G. 2011, Reward management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Rewards and benefits - Tesco PLC. 2016, [online] Tescoplc.com. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/site/library/policiesandfactsheets/rewards-and-benefits.htm [Accessed 7 Mar. 2016]. Thomas, K. 2016,The Four Intrinsic Rewards that Drive Employee Engagement | Ivey Business Journal. [online] Iveybusinessjournal.com. Available at: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-four-intrinsic-rewards-that-drive-employee-engagement/ [Accessed 7 Mar. 2016].

A Comparison of Imperial Systems in the 16th and 17th Centuries essays

A Comparison of Imperial Systems in the 16th and 17th Centuries essays Though they were all designed for the purpose of establishing and controlling massive colonization, the imperial systems of France, Spain, and England in the 16th and 17th centuries were vastly different. There were many reasons for these differences. These reasons range from the philosophy of the countrys rulers to purely geographic purposes to the personalities of the settlers themselves. The colonial systems also had different reasons for their existence, based on the political situation in the countries. Like most other things in life, the push towards colonial empires was powered by a greed for wealth. During the timeframe of this paper, mercantilism was the predominant economic theory. This theory states that the power of a country is directly proportional to the amount of wealth stored within its treasury. This wealth was acquired through trade. Towards the end of the 15th century, Spain was searching for a way to replentish its treasury, which had been wiped out by war. In an attempt to recover this wealth through expanded trade, Spain sent an expedition to find a fast trade route to the far east, where Marco Polo had encountered miraculous items of wealth one hundred years before. Unlike previous explorers who had searched for faster trade routes, the leader of this expedition would head West. In the process, he would stumble upon what would become the Americas, and lay the groundwork for permanent European settlement. It is important to keep in mind that the Spanish did not see the American Colonies as the future home for many of its citizens, they were simply there to extract wealth and ship it home to fill the Spanish treasuries. This fact is what allowed the Spanish to get along with the locals. They had no desire to flush the natives out to clear room for more settlers from Europe. In fact, the Spanish practiced Encomienda, in which all natives in their colonies were considered full and equal citizens of th...

Smithfield Foods Company

Smithfield Foods Company Background description on Smithfield Foods Company Smithfield Foods Company produces and manufactures pork and pork products. It is the largest pork producing company in the world. The company was established in 1936 and the current headquarters are based in Virginia. Smithfield Field raises approximately 14 millions pigs annually.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Smithfield Foods Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company processes about 27 million pigs are each year, to produce pork and beef products. Various brand names are used in the global markets to represent the pork and beef products. Smithfield has experienced various challenges in offering better products in the market. The management has made efforts to improve the performance of the company, and to reduce the negative effects of its activities (Smithfield Foods website, 2011). The implementation of Customer Relationship Management will help improve the performance of the company, both internally and externally. The challenges facing the company will be resolved by installing and implementing eth CRM system. However, the management should have strategies of ensuring that the system is successful because there will be various challenges to be experienced during the implementation process (Thomas, 2011). The issues and challenges facing Smithfield Foods Company According to Hirsch and Person (2009), Smithfield experiences many problems concerning its relationship with customers, employees, environment groups, and other stakeholders in the industry. The customers of the company have complained about exploitative process imposed to the products of the company. The company has been able to dominate the global market, and this makes it impose prices discriminatively (Pride Ferrell, 2008). Smithfield has been sued for its poor waste management practices. It was alleged that the company disposes untreated animal waste into wa terways. This has affected the health standards of the workers and the neighboring communities. Cases of bad animal waste stenches have been reported by the people living around the company (Fainaru, 2009). A fine of $12.6 was issued to the company in 1997 for violating Clean Water Act. Despite the efforts made by the company to operate in a clean environment, the company has been alleged to spread swine flu due to its poor waste management practices.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was reported that the company failed to dispose dead animal bodies, and dogs would consume the carcasses. In addition, people living around the company were reported to complain about headaches. Therefore, the outbreak of H1N1 in 1999 was linked to the company (Squier, 2011). The company has also been practicing poor animal handling. The pigs live in crates which are too small. In addition, transportation of the animals is done poorly such that some animals end up dying on the way. Animal abuse has been reported, and this has affected the demand for the products of the company. The need to know the source of foods found in the market has increased, and this has created the need for customers to seek information about the process of manufacturing as well as production of food components. As such, the treatment of animals has become important in determining good practices by manufacturers. This has affected the market for the products produced by Smithfield Foods Company because the company has been mishandling animals (Thomas, 2011). In addition, most of the customers are concerned about the welfare of the employees’ working conditions. The company has been sued severally for its poor workplace conditions. The management of the company interferes with the operations of the labor union of the employees. This makes it possible for the company to oppres s its employees because it can easily manipulate the rules of the union. For example, in 1994 and 1997, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union (UFCW) sued the Smithfield Foods Company for manipulating elections of the union. The National Labor Relations Board had issued injunction to the management of the company to stop interfering with the activities of the union. In 2006, the management of the company failed to provide finances for conducting fair elections at the union. Due to the unfair practices of the company employees have held several public demonstrations to protest the behavior of the company (Bacon, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Smithfield Foods Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The UFCW called for mass boycott of Smithfield’ products in 2007 and this affected consumer perception about the products of the company. The campaign affected the image of the company’s p roducts in the domestic and global markets. Even though an agreement to stop the boycott was reached between the UFCW and the company, the demand for the products from the company has been affected due to the poor working conditions of the company. In addition, the image of the company has been tarnished, and the company may lose its global market share in the near future. Smithfield has encounter other disputes which have caused it incur a lot of fines. For example, in 2009 the company was penalized $900,000 for engaging in illegal merger (Pope Treacy, 2011). The benefit CRM will bring to Smithfield Foods Company By adopting Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies, the company will interact with customers. This will help identify the problems that customers may have concerning the products offered by the company to the market. The company will identify changes in consumer demand, and any aspect of the products that the customers may wish to be added. With the implementat ion of CRM, the customers will be able to convey information to the company. This will help the employees to develop products according to the specific needs of the customers. Since the company has many customers, and operates in many countries, the introduction of CRM will help get in touch with all customers by establishing appropriate information collection system (Sunil, Krishnan Fornell, 2005). The CRM system will help the company identify complaints from customers and other stakeholders. By installing an electronic CRM, the management of the company will easily monitor the feedbacks provided by stakeholders.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication with relevant departments will also enhance the provision of appropriate remedies to the prevailing problems. The company requires using the information obtained from the customers to develop strategies of improving the welfare of its employees, animals and to maintain appropriate environmental standards (Eugene, Fornell Mazvancheryl, 2004). Developing custom-made products will be possible by applying the CRM strategy. The company will be able to identify the specific needs of the customers, and this will be incorporated in the product design, performance strategies as well as improving the environmental conditions. Therefore, the company will achieve higher customer satisfaction, and this will lead to higher profits being made. Consumer loyalty will also be achieved when customers are satisfied (Hennig, 2000). Customers develop a repurchase behavior when they are satisfied by the products and services of a certain company. The high levels of customer satisfaction wil l help improve the market position of the products of the company. As such, the company will achieve a higher competitive position in the domestic and global market. This will help improve the sales made by the company, and ultimately it will be able to dominate the global markets (Asim Mela, 2003). Developing appropriate marketing campaigns will be possible by the use of CRM. Smithfield has experienced boycott campaigns against its products in the past. By applying CRM, the company will be able to overcome challenges it encountered in the past where the image of its products was tarnished. The application of CRM will neutralize the negative campaigns provided by the UFCW (National Labor Relations Board, 2008). According to Shimp (2010), conducting corporate social responsibility will be possible by applying CRM. The company has experienced moments of poor brand image in the global image, and there is need to develop strategies of promoting the image of the brands of the company by conducting corporate social responsibility activities. These activities will help build a better product image among all consumers of the company’s products. Identifying the social needs of the communities where the company operates in will be possible by implementing the CRM strategy. The company can collect information from all stakeholders concerning projects which are essential for improving the status of the communities (Ruth, Kannan, Bramlett, 2000). By conducting CSR activities, the company will develop better relationship with the communities where it operates in, and thi9s will help improve the image of the company in the global markets. Meeting the social needs of the communities will help resolve some problems the company has been facing in the past. For example, the challenge of environmental cleanliness can be dealt with more easily by mobilizing communities to help clean up the water ways. By installing appropriate facilities to protect the communities from be ing affected by the animal waste will also help improve the relationship with the neighboring communities. This implies that the company will develop strategies of promoting better environment by collecting information from the neighboring communities by the use of CRM tools (Owyang, 2010). The type of CRM system that is best suited for Smithfield Foods Company The use of closed-loop CRM is the most applicable for Smithfield Foods Company. The closed-loop CRM helps customize marketing campaigns and measures their effectiveness. This helps improve the overall performance of an organization. Through the closed-loop CRM system, the company will measure how effective the organizational systems are. It also predicts the customer behavior in the future. The available data is modeled to predict the behavior of consumers in future. The system also allows managers to act upon the observed behavior of customers. Since Smithfield Foods Company aims at improving the overall satisfaction of all stakeholders, using the closed-loop CRM system will be the most applicable because it will help identify the factors affecting all stakeholders (Kale, 2009). The types of multi-channels venues the company should adopt in this CRM approach The first channel is measuring the extent of CRM. This means that the company will measure the success of implementing the CRM by the use of profits, sales volume or any other organizational aspect. The measures should be easy to quantify so that the management can know the extent to which the company has achieved change after implementing the new strategies (Kale, 2009). The other channel will involve acting to accomplish the CRM system is taking action. After identifying the appropriate CRM to be applied, the management must act on the strategies to ensure that they are impended. This will ensure that the entire process is complete. This channel ensures that the strategies are implemented according to the requirements of the customers and other s takeholders (Foss Stone, 2002). Predicting is the last channel in the implementation of the CRM channel. This will help determine the future requirements of the company. Prediction provides the management with the necessary strategies for improving the performance of employees to achieve the changing market conditions. By applying the current market variables, the management can predict the market performance or the behavior of customers in the near future (Kale, 2009). The areas of support the company needs for a successful implementation of CRM The company will need support in financing the implementation of the system. Installing a workable CRM requires having enough capital resources. The funds can be sourced internally or from external sources. The company should be ready to pay all expenses associated with any method of providing funds to finance the process. In addition, the company will require support in the areas of professional skills. There implementation of the CRM pro cess requires the use of appropriate professions to ensure that the entire process is successful. To achieve this, the management will be required to outsource people with skills to perform the activities of implementing the CRM process. Alternatively, The Company can train its employees to implement the CRM internally. This will reduce the costs; however, the internal employees may not have all the skills required in the implementation of the CRM process (Dyche, 2002). The company should consider outsourcing its software Smithfield Foods Company should use outsourced CRM system. This is a system whereby the company makes a contract with another company to supply with CRM system. This type of system is the most suitable because Smithfield Foods does not specialize in manufacturing and developing CRM system. Outsourcing the system will improve on the quality of CRM system developed for the operation of the company’s activities. In addition, developing the CRM system might requ ire special skills and professions, and these may be costly for the company. Outsourcing the system will also help save the time that would have been used to developed the system by the employees of the company (Kale, 2009). Some of the hardware’s the company needs to consider Smithfield Foods Company will need to install internet systems in almost all departments of the company. In addition, computers and computer peripherals will be required to capture the required data. The use of data capturing and analysis tools will help implement the strategy of the company. With the use of internet system, the stakeholders of the company will be able t communicate with the management of the company. The company will be required to install data recovery system. This will help retrieve data in case the system is affected by viruses or any other malicious damage. Soft copy and hardcopy of the most valuable data should be kept as a security measure (Kale, 2009). How the company will addre ss the changes in organization To address the changes in the organization, the management will be required to communicate with all the stakeholders to inform them about the expected changes. A discussion should be introduced to allow all stakeholders provide their opinions concerning the new system of management. The employees should be prepared psychologically to allow them accept the new system of operation. This will help change their mindset so that they can easily adapt to the new system. This will help reduce conflicts as a result of rejection of the new system. In addition, the skills of the employees will have to be aligned with the new system of operation. For instance, employees will have to be trained on how to use the communication system so that they can acquire better skills (Kale, 2009). In addition, the employees will have to be trained on the technologies required to collect data from the customers and other stakeholders. Business partners with the company will have to be informed and involved in the transition process. As such, the ideas of the business partners will be of great importance because they will enable the management to improve on its operational systems. Suppliers to the company will have to be communicated about the new demand and needs of the company. Change in the products supplied will be essential because better materials will be required to improve the quality of pork manufactured. Communicating with suppliers will also improve the process of production. Materials required in the waste management process will be required (Kale, 2009). Issues relating to implementation of a successful e-CRM Successful implementation of CRM system will help reduce conflicts between Smithfield Foods Company and its customers. The company will be able too develop better strategies of improving customers’ satisfaction. Therefore, the level of customer loyalty will be high after implementing the CRM system. The system will also improve the corporate social responsibility of the company. By the use of the CRM, the management of the company will develop better strategies of improving the welfare of the communities where it operates (Shin, 2005). In addition, the company will have better strategies of dealing with waste emanating from the production and manufacturing process. The conflicts between the company and environmental activist groups will be eliminated because the company will easily communicate with the stakeholders to identify any necessary changes in the strategic management of the company. Therefore, the CRM system will improve the status of all stakeholders of the company, and this will help improve the profits, competitiveness and market position in the domestic and global markets (Kale, 2009). Management of CRM To manage the CRM system of the company in the long-term, the management will be required to develop a Research and Development (RD) team to carry out research about changes in consumer behavior. The team will monitor the system and any improvements will be done accordingly. It is important for the RD team to identify the best solutions to the challenges facing the company. The team should also predict the future expectations of consumer behavior. The management should work in collaboration with the RD team to develop appropriate strategies. In addition, the ideas from external and external stakeholders should be collected to ensure they are involved in the decision making process. The CRM system will have to be developed according to prevailing customer needs. Since customers are the final users of the products of the company, their opinions should be highly valued. Therefore, the company should have a good relationship with its customers so that they can provide the necessary information about developing the CRM system (Kale, 2009). List of References Asim, A. Mela, C. F. 2003, â€Å"E-Customization.† Journal of Marketing Research, 40 (2), 131–145. Bacon, D. , 2008, Illegal people: how globalization creates migration and criminalizes immigrants, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. Dyche, J. 2002, The CRM handbook: a business guide to customer relationship management, New York: Addison-Wesley Professional. Eugene W. A. Fornell, C. Mazvancheryl, S. K. 2004, â€Å"Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value.† Journal of Marketing, 68 (3), 172–185. Fainaru, S. 2009, Mexicans Blame Industrial Hog Farms, The Washington Post, May 10, 2009. Foss, B, Stone, M. 2002, CRM in financial services : a practical guide to making customer relationship management work, London: Kogan Page. Hennig, T. 2000, Relationship marketing: gaining competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and customer retention: with 24 tables, Berlin: Springer. Hirsch, J. A. Person, J. L. 2009, Commodity Traders Almanac 2010, New jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Kale, V. 2009, A guide to implementing Siebelcrm, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. National Labor R elations Board (eds), 2008, Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board, National Labor Relations Board (U.S.), 347. Owyang, J. 2010, Altimeter Report: The 18 Use Cases of Social CRM, The New Rules of Relationship Management. Web. Pope, C. L. Treacy, D. H. 2011, Corporate social responsibility report 2008/09. Web. Pride, W. M. Ferrell, O. C. 2008, Marketing Express, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Ruth, B., Kannan, P. K. Bramlett, M. D. 2000, â€Å"Implications of Loyalty Program Membership and Service Experiences for Customer Retention and Value.† Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28 (1), 95–108. Shimp, T. A. 2010, Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Shin, N. 2005, Strategies for generating e-business returns on investment, Hershey, PA: Idea Group. Smithfield Foods website. Squier, S. M. 2011, Poultry science, chicken culture: a partial alphabet, Ne w Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press. Sunil, M., Krishnan, M. S. Fornell, C. 2005, â€Å"Why Do Customer Relationship Management Applications Affect Customer Satisfaction?† Journal of Marketing, 69 (4) 201–209. Thomas, G. 2011, Animals, International Law, International Trade, and Morality, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.

Market government Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Market government - Article Example However the generally accepted view points out to the housing bubble to be the prime reason. It all started with the collapse of Lehman Brothers and quickly penetrated into the market causing turbulence and system crash. This recession did not take place as a result of a business cycle that generally affects each and every economy. A number of reasons underlie this particular case of financial crisis including that of the shocks arising in the general business cycles which has been instrumental in disrupting the labor market equilibrium in the United States. The entire issue of the financial crisis is to be reviewed from all the angles of economics including the neoclassical, mixed liberal and the radical points of view to have a perspective of the entire event. This paper will enlighten the various perspectives put forward by the different schools of thoughts and accordingly place their views in the following paragraphs. The Neo Classical economists base their theories on the microeconomic principles which include the optimization of the individuals and firms and to determine the equilibrium price and output in the economy using the market forces of demand and supply. The theory considers that the people make rational decisions based on the information that they have about the market. The neoclassical economists explain the fluctuations in the economies as a result of the upturn of the business cycles in the economy (Blanchard, 2000). The economic variables that generally behave in a particular fashion in order to result in a recession have behaved in a most unusual manner in case of this particular financial crisis. The level of consumption, output investment as well as the employment of labor was much low. By analysis of the economic variables it was found that the crisis of the present period is much more severe compared to that of the Great Depression of 1937 or any other recessions that have ta ken place in the world. The drop in the level of